سيدنا عمر بن الخطاب
المعروف بشدته وقوة بأسه .. كان يعد موائد الطعام للناس فى المدينة ذات يوم ،فرأى رجلاً يأكل بشماله ، فجاءه من خلفه ، وقال :
يا عبدالله: كل بيمينك .
فأجابه الرجل : يا عبد الله إنها مشغولة .
فكرر عمر القول مرتين فأجابه الرجل بنفس الإجابة .
فقال له عمر : وما شغلها ؟
فأجابه الرجل : أصيبت يوم مؤتة فعجزت عن الحركة .
فجلس إليه عمر وبكى وهو يسأله : من يوضئك ؟
ومن يغسل لك ثيابك ؟
ومن يغسل لك رأسك ؟
ومن .. , ومن .. , ومن .. ؟
ومع كل سؤال ينهمر دمعه .. ثم أمر له بخادم وراحلة وطعام وهو يرجوه العفو عنه لأنه آلمه بملاحظته على أمر لم يكن يعرف أنه لا حيلة له فيها .
هكذا تصنع القوانين …
كان يخرج ليلاً في شوارع المدينة وأزقة الحواري لا ليتلصص على رعيته ولكن ليتفقد حالها .. ذات مساء إذ بأعرابية تناجي زوجها الغائب وتنشد في ذكراه شعراً :
لقد طال هذا الليل واسود جانبه
وأرقني إذ لا حبيب ألاعبه
فلولا الذي فوق السماوات عرشه
لزعزع من هذا السرير جوانبه
فيقترب أمير المؤمنين ويسترق السمع ثم يسألها من خلف الدار : ما بك يا أختاه ؟
فترد الإعرابية :
لقد ذهب زوجي إلى ساحات القتال منذ أشهر وإني أشتاق إليه .
فيرجع أمير المؤمنين الى دار ابنته حفصة رضي الله عنها ويسألها :
كم تشتاق المرأة الى زوجها ؟
وتستحيي الابنة وتخفض رأسها فيخاطبها متوسلاً :
إن الله لا يستحي من الحق ولولا أنه شئ أريد أن أنظر به في أمر الرعية لما سألتك .
فتجيب الابنة :
أربعة أشهر أو خمسة أو ستة .
ويعود الفاروق إلى داره ويكتب لأمراء الأجناد ( لاتحبسوا الجيوش فوق أربعة أشهر )
ويصبح الأمر قانوناً يحفظ للمرأة أهم حقوقها .
تابع مسار القانون لم يصغه الجهاز التنفيذي للدولة بل صاغه المجتمع ( الأعرابية وحفصة ) واعتمده الجهاز التنفيذي للدولة لينظم به المجتمع …….
هكذا تَشكَّل ( قانون المرأة )
* والفاروق ذاته رضي الله عنه يواصل التجوال المسائي متفقداً وليس متلصصاً وإذ بطفل يصدر أنيناً حزيناً فيقترب من الدار ويسأل عما به ؟
فترد أم الطفلة :
( إني أفطمه يا أمير المؤمنين )
حدث طبيعي أُم تفطم طفلها ولذا يصرخ ولكن أمير المؤمنين لا يمضى إلى حال سبيله ؛ بل يحاور أُم الطفل ويكتشف أن الأم فطمت طفلها قبل موعد الفطام لحاجتها لمائة درهم كان يصرفها بيت مال المسلمين لكل طفل بعد الفطام .
يرجع الفاروق إلى منزله لا لينام إذ أنين ذاك الطفل لم يبارح عقله وقلبه فيصدر أمراً ( بصرف المائة درهم للطفل منذ الولادة وليس بعد الفطام ) .
ويصبح الأمر قانوناً يحفظ حقوق الأطفال ويحميهم من مخاطر الفطام المبكر ….
لو لم يحاور الفاروق تلك المرأة لما أصدر قانوناً يحمي حق الطفل في الرضاعة الكاملة
وهكذا تَشكَّل ( قانون الطفل )
وكان الفاروق يحب أخاه زيداً ، وكان زيد هذا قد قُتل في حروب الردة .
ذات نهار بسوق المدينة يلتقي الفاروق وجهاً بوجه بقاتل زيد وكان قد أسلم وصار فرداً في رعيته .
يخاطبه الفاروق غاضباً :
( والله إني لا أحبك حتى تحب الأرض الدم المسفوح )
فيسأله الإعرابي متوجساً :
( وهل سينقص ذاك من حقوقي يا أمير المؤمنين )
ويُطمئنه امير المؤمنين ( لا )
فيغادره الإعرابي بمنتهى اللامبالاة قائلاً :
( إنما تأسى على الحب النساء ) …
أي مالي أنا وحبك إذ ليس بيني وبينك غير ( الحقوق والواجب )
لم يغضب أمير المؤمنين ولم يزج به في السجن بل كظم غضبه على جرأة الأعرابي وسخريته وواصل التجوال .
لم يفعل ذلك إلا إيماناً بحق هذا الإعرابي في التعبير وبكظم الغضب وهو في قمة السلطة وبفضل شجاعة هذا الإعرابي .
تَشكَّل في المجتمع ( قانون حرية التعبير )
ثم إمرأة كانت تلك التي جردته ذات جمعة من لقب أمير المؤمنين حين قالت ( أخطأت يا عمر )
وكانت هذه بمثابة نقطة نظام امرأة من عامة الناس ترفض قانون المهر الذي صاغه الفاروق عمر … لم يكابر أمير المؤمنين ولم يزج بالمرأة في السجون ولم يأمر بجلدها بل اعترف بالخطأ بالنص الصريح ( أخطأ عمر وأصابت امرأة ) ، ثم سحب قانونه وترك للمجتمع أمر تحديد المهور حسب الإستطاعة ..
هكذا تُصنع القوانين ، أي حسب غايات المجتمع وطموحاته وثقافاته وذلك بالغوص في قاع المجتمع المستهدف بتلك القوانين .
فالمجتمع هو مصدر القوانين وليس السلطة (( بما لا يخالف كتاب الله وسنة نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم طبعاً ))
لم يتغير الناس ولا الحياة ..
#ولكن_ليس_في_القوم .. ( عمر ) .. رضي الله عنه !!
أتعبتَ من جاء بعدك يا عمر يابن الخطاب رضى الله عنك وأرضاك ..
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